This article focuses on the geoecological assessment of territories affected by oil spills in the Republic of Bashkortostan from 2017 to 2023. The authors identify the main causes and negative consequences of such incidents, including technical failures, non-compliance with safety regulations, and human factors. The study includes an analysis of statistical data characterizing the number and types of spills by year and administrative regions, which highlights the most vulnerable areas, such as Tuymazinsky and Ufimsky districts, as well as the cities of Ufa and Oktyabrsky. Special attention is given to the impact of spills on soil and landscape cover. The authors note significant changes in the morphological, physicochemical, and microbiological properties of soils, leading to ecosystem degradation. An analysis of soil types and landscapes shows that oil spills most frequently occur on leached and dark gray soils, as well as on elevated and undulating plains. The article emphasizes the importance of comprehensive geoecological assessments for planning the region’s sustainable development and developing effective measures to prevent such incidents in the future. The authors provide recommendations for improving safety and monitoring measures, as well as the need to implement modern technologies for cleaning contaminated areas. In conclusion, the study underscores the necessity of continuous monitoring and assessment of environmental conditions to minimize the risk of ecological disasters and ensure public safety.

Elvira V. Nafikova
Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Associate Professor
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution
of Higher Education “Ufa University of Science and Technology”
32, Zaki Validi str., Ufa, 450076, Russia
e-mail: vira2006@yandex.ru
ScopusID: 49361682100
SPIN-код: 2784-1080

Alsu F. Shaniyazova
Student, Specialist in Civil Defense, 2nd category, Information and Analytical Department of the Territorial Center for Monitoring and Forecasting Emergency Situations of the Republic of Bashkortostan
State Budgetary Institution of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Service for Ensuring Civil Protection Activities
12/1, 8 Marta str., Ufa, 450005, Russia
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ufa University of Science and Technology”
32, Zaki Validi str., Ufa, 450076, Russia
e-mail: ashaniyazova@bk.ru

Dmitrii V. Alexandrov
Assistant
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher
Education “Ufa University of Science and Technology”
32, Zaki Validi str., Ufa, 450076, Russia
e-mail: dmutruu102@yadnex.ru
ScopusID: 57673170000
SPIN-код: 1802-1095

Rusalina R. Khuzhina
Student, Specialist in Civil Defense, 2nd category, Information and Analytical Department of the Territorial Center for Monitoring and Forecasting Emergency Situations of the Republic of Bashkortostan
State Budgetary Institution of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Service for Ensuring Civil Protection Activities
12/1, 8 Marta str., Ufa, 450005, Russia
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ufa University of Science and Technology”
32, Zaki Validi str., Ufa, 450076, Russia
e-mail: rus648@bk.ru

1. Zdanova R.V., Rasskazova A.A., Khvatysh N.V., Sokolova T.A., Khutorova A.O. Ecological assessment of specially protected natural areas based on environmental monitoring. Mezhdunarodnyi sel’skokhozyaistvennyi zhurnal. 2024;(2):154–157. DOI: 10.55186/25876740_2024_67_2_154.
2. Gairabekov U.T. Tekhnogennaya transformatsiya prirodno-antropogennoi sredy gornogo regiona pri dlitel’nom vozdeistvii neftyanogo kompleksa (na primere Chechenskoi Respubliki) [Technogenic transformation of natural and anthropogenic environment of mountain region with long-term exposure to the oil complex (on the example of Chechen Republic)]: dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Geographical Sciences. Moscow, 2019. 330 p.
3. Fedeli R., Alexandrov D., Celletti S., Nafikova E., Loppi S. Biochar improves the performance of Avena sativa L. grown in gasoline-polluted soils. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2023;30(11):28791-28802. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24127-w.
4. GOST 22.0.03-2022. Bezopasnost’ v chrezvychainykh situatsiyakh. Prirodnye chrezvychainye situatsii. Terminy i opredeleniya [GOST 22.0.03-2022. Safety in emergency situations. Natural emergencies. Terms and definitions]: interstate standard: date of introduction 01.06.2023. Moscow: Standartinform; 2023. 16 p.
5. GOST R 70229-2022. Pochvy. Pokazateli kachestva pochv [GOST R 70229-2022. Soils. Soil quality indicators]: national standard of the Russian Federation: date of introduction 01.01.2013. Moscow: Standartinform; 2022. 32 p.
6. Kuramshina N.G., Il’gamova L.F., Valeeva S.A., Zainutdinova A.F. Geoehkologicheskaya otsenka pochv zemledel’cheskoi territorii Respubliki Bashkortostan [Geoecological assessment of soils in the agricultural territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan]. Molodoi uchenyi. 2021;(23):
   150–153.
7. O sostoyanii prirodnykh resursov i okruzhayushchei sredy Respubliki Bashkortostan v 2022 godu [On the state of natural resources and the environment of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2022]: state report. Ufa, 2023. 319 p. Available at: https://ecology.bashkortostan.ru/upload/uf/40e/wk5vkdht2sxgh1r3gebcuuf1ig94sp2b/Gosdoklad-ot-14.07.2023_3.pdf (accessed 18.10.2024).
8. Gronskaya V.S., Zyablitskaya N.V. Otsenka ehkonomicheskogo potentsiala promyshlennogo predpriyatiya neftegazovoi otrasli [Assessment of the economic potential of an industrial enterprise in the oil and gas industry]. In: Innovatsionnye issledovaniya: problemy vnedreniya rezul’tatov i tendentsii razvitiya : sbornik statei po itogam Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii (Saratov, 27 December 2022). Pt. 2. Sterlitamak: Agentstvo mezhdunarodnykh issledovanii; 2022. pp. 112–120.
9. Operativnaya obstanovka [Operational situation]. State Committee of the Republic of Bashkortostan for Emergency Situations. Available at: https://portal.introgis.com/apps/emercom02/System/ (accessed 18.10.2024).
10. ITS 53-2022. Likvidatsiya ob”ektov nakoplennogo vreda okruzhayushchei srede [Elimination of objects of accumulated damage to the environment]: approved by order of Rosstandart dated 12.12.2022 No. 3111. Moscow; 2022. 147 p. Available at: https://burondt.ru/NDT/NDTDocsDetail.php?UrlId=1842&etkstructure_id=1872 (accessed 18.10.2024).
11. Stafeeva A.A., Lyubimova T.V. Ehkologo-geokhimicheskii analiz zagryazneniya promyshlennykh territorii nefteproduktami [Ecological and geochemical analysis of pollution of industrial areas with oil products]. In: Sergeevskie chteniya: geoehkologicheskie aspekty realizatsii natsional’nogo proekta «Ehkologiya». Dialog pokolenii. Iss. 22. Moscow: RUDN; 2020. pp. 82–85.